16 October 2025 · First online (indexed publication record)
Bruce Greyson, Jeffrey Long, Janice Miner Holden and colleagues
Frontiers in psychology · Scale development and initial validation
Researchers developed a framework for rating the evidential strength of perceptions reported during near-death experiences, covering timing, verification and the specificity of reported information.
Method and scope
Expert consultation produced eight criteria. Human raters and language-model raters then applied the scale to 17 potentially veridical cases.
What to keep in mind
This is an initial instrument validation on a small case set. Agreement between raters does not itself establish that a perception was independently verified.
Original paper & source
Read the original source record →
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1661390
Indexed original abstract, citation and linked publication-status metadata reviewed through Europe PMC; full text not assessed. UKPX reference added and checked 7 November 2026. The date above belongs to the paper.