18 March 2026 · First online (indexed publication record)
Elizabeth E Davidson, Sean L Davidson, Paul Glue
Wilderness & environmental medicine · Systematic review
Unusual perceptions during ultra-endurance sport include figures, sounds and a sensed companion. A review links such experiences with demanding conditions, especially sleep loss, exhaustion and darkness.
Method and scope
Fourteen studies across sports such as mountaineering, running and solo sailing were synthesised, including case reports, field studies and surveys.
What to keep in mind
The literature is small and uses inconsistent terminology. The review describes reported associations rather than a single proven mechanism for all presence experiences.
Original paper & source
Read the original source record →
DOI: 10.1177/10806032261423071
Indexed original abstract, citation and linked publication-status metadata reviewed through Europe PMC; full text not assessed. UKPX reference added and checked 7 November 2026. The date above belongs to the paper.